Underwater everglades

South Florida’s Everglades are one of the largest wetlands in the world. The region is famous for its seemingly endless sawgrass prairies that are seasonally flooded, and abundant wildlife – including alligators. The Everglades also contain a lot of interesting species of fish, both native and introduced. I recently took some underwater videos which illustrate […]

Caecilians (legless Amphibians) found in the U.S.A. for the first time

Caecilians are fascinating creatures. Within the Class Amphibia, they have their own Order (Gymnophiona) and are much less well known or studied than their cousins the frogs and toads (Order Anura), and salamanders and newts (Order Caudata). There are 215 recognized species of Caecilians (AmphibiaWeb). All caecilians are legless with very small eyes, and range […]

Nature and Wildlife Photography

A friend recently sent me a link to The Nature Conservancy’s annual photo contest and suggested I enter. I have never entered a photography competition, although I really enjoy wildlife, nature, and landscape photography. I also really enjoy looking at the winners of Nature photography competitions. One of the best is the ‘Wildlife Photographer of […]

Microhabitat use in Costa Rican poeciliid fishes (with fieldwork photos)

For each of five years (2013, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020) I have been fortunate to spend 3-weeks in Costa Rica conducting collaborative fieldwork with friends and colleagues from Wageningen University. Our latest paper resulting from this work, with co-authors Andres Hagmayer and Bart Pollux, has been published in the journal Freshwater Biology. This research, […]

Chimpanzees attacking and killing gorillas in the wild

A remarkable new paper has been published describing 2 lethal attacks by large coalitions of chimpanzees on smaller groups of western lowland gorillas in Loango National Park, Gabon. These are the first observations of their kind. Prior observations of the interactions between these two species of great ape, in regions of their range where they […]

A cleaning interaction between fish and humans

I recently published a short ‘natural history note’ describing an unexpected cleaning interaction between sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) and humans in a Greek lake. In this lake I observed these normally skittish fish approach and graze on the exposed skin of bathing humans (myself and others), presumably removing dead skin cells in what amounts to […]

The amazing pike killifish

Pike are ambush predators with elongated bodies and toothy jaws. The pike body-form has evolved convergently in many different groups of fish on almost every continent and ocean. Examples of convergent evolution of pike in groups of fish from different geographic regions. These are just a few representative species, but dozens of others could have […]

On the Origin of Florida’s Introduced Species

Burmese pythons, green iguanas, bullseye snakehead, peacock bass……and the list goes on. Florida seems to be the epicenter for introduced species in the United States. Since moving to South Florida at the beginning of the year I have been amazed at the number and diversity of introduced species, and nowhere is this more evident than […]

A five foot alligator feeding on…..one inch poeciliid fishes?

A few weeks ago while biking the 15-mile loop of the Everglades Shark Valley, I came across an alligator in a drying pool engaging in some interesting behavior. It looked as if the alligator was employing a feeding technique to capture and eat poeciliid fishes (perhaps Gambusia holbrooki). The alligator was in a small muddy […]

Water snakes galore in the Everglades

The Everglades, southern Florida’s vast wetland, are an amazing place to observe nature. Over Memorial Day weekend I went to the Everglades to do some fishing and nature photography. At dusk, I observed three species of water snake, the southern water snake (Nerodia fasciata), the Florida green water snake (Nerodia floridana), and the brown water […]